San Diego State University

Dec 21, 2024

2021/2022 University Catalog

2021/2022 University Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Biology

Undergraduate Information
Graduate Information

OFFICE: Life Sciences 104
TELEPHONE: 619-594-6767
UNDERGRADUATE ADVISING OFFICE: Life Sciences 135
TELEPHONE: 619-594-6442 / FAX: 619-594-5676
WEBSITE: http://www.bio.sdsu.edu

Chair: Robert W. Zeller, Professor of Biology (B.A., Boston University; Ph.D., California Institute of Technology)

Associate Chair and Graduate Adviser, M.A./M.S. Programs: Marshal C. Hedin, Professor of Biology (B.A., Humboldt State University; M.S., Texas A&M University; Ph.D., Washington University)

Vice Chair: Kevin A. Hovel, Professor of Biology (B.S., Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey-New Brunswick; M.S., State University of New York at Stony Brook; Ph.D., College of William and Mary)

Graduate Adviser, Cell and Molecular Biology Ph.D. Program: Marina G. Kalyuzhnaya, Associate Professor of Biology (B.S., M.S., Dnepropetrovask State University, Ukraine; Ph.D., Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia)

Graduate Adviser, Ecology Ph.D. Program: Walter C. Oechel, Albert W. Johnson Distinguished Professor of Biology (A.B., San Diego State University; Ph.D., University of California, Riverside)

Graduate Adviser, Evolutionary Biology Ph.D. Program: Elizabeth R. Waters, Professor of Biology (B.A., Grinnell College; M.S., North Carolina State University; Ph.D., Washington University)

Graduate Adviser, Microbiology, M.S. Program: Anca Mara Segall, Professor of Biology (B.S., University of Maryland; Ph.D., University of Utah)

Graduate Adviser, Molecular Biology, M.S. Program: Dwayne R. Roach, Assistant Professor of Biology and Conrad Prebys Chair of Virology (B.S., Ph.D., St. Catherine University)

Graduate Adviser, Ecology, M.S. Program: Jeremy D. Long, Professor of Biology (B.A., University of San Diego; Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology)

Graduate Adviser, Evolutionary Biology, M.S. Program: Kevin Burns, Professor of Biology (B.S., Texas A&M University; M.S., Louisiana State University; Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley)

Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty:

Todd W. Anderson, Professor of Biology (B.S., M.A., California State University, Fresno; Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara)

Nicholas A. Barber, Assistant Professor of Biology (B.S., St. Louis University; Ph.D., University of Missouri)

Andrew J. Bohonak, Assistant Dean, Student Services, Policy and Curriculum, Graduate and Research Affairs; Professor of Biology (B.S., Allegheny College; Ph.D., Cornell University)

Michael J. Buono, Professor of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences and Biology (B.S., East Stroudsberg State College; M.S., University of Nevada; Ph.D., University of Arizona)

Rulon W. Clark, Professor of Biology (B.S., Utah State University; Ph.D., Cornell University)

Richard M. Cripps, Professor of Biology and Fred Henry Chair of Life Sciences (B.S., Ph.D., University of York, United Kingdom)

Elizabeth A. Dinsdale, Professor of Biology (B.S., M.S., Ph.D., James Cook University, Australia)

Matthew S. Edwards, Professor of Biology (B.A., University of California, Santa Barbara; M.S., San Francisco State University; Ph.D., University of California, Santa Cruz)

Robert A. Edwards, Professor of Biology (B.Sc., De Montfort University, United Kingdom; Ph.D., University of Sussex, United Kingdom)

Ralph Feuer, Associate Professor of Biology (B.S., University of California, Los Angeles; Ph.D., University of Nevada, Reno)

Lluvia H. Flores Renteria, Assistant Professor of Biology (B.S., M.S., Ph.D., National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico)

Stephanie Grainger, Assistant Professor of Biology (B.S., Ph.D., University of Ottawa, Canada)

Brian T. Hentschel, Associate Professor of Biology (B.S., University of South Carolina; M.S., Ph.D., University of Washington)

Carrie D. House, Assistant Professor of Biology (B.A., George Mason University; Ph.D., George Washington University)

Scott T. Kelley, Professor of Biology (B.A., Cornell University; Ph.D., University of Colorado)

Chun-Ta Lai, Associate Professor of Biology (B.S., Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan; Ph.D., Duke University)

Rebecca L. Lewison, Professor of Biology (B.A., Vassar College; Ph.D., University of California, Davis)

David A. Lipson, Professor of Biology (B.A., University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D., University of Colorado at Boulder)

Robert J. Luallen, Assistant Professor of Biology (B.A., University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D., University of California, San Diego)

Stanley R. Maloy, Associate Vice President, Research and Innovation, Graduate and Research Affairs; Professor of Biology (B.S., University of California, Irvine; M.S., California State University, Long Beach; Ph.D., University of California, Irvine)

Luke P. Miller, Assistant Professor of Biology (B.S., University of California, Santa Barbara; Ph.D., Stanford University)

Tod W. Reeder, Associate Dean, Graduate and Research Affairs, College of Sciences; Professor of Biology (B.S., Emporia State University; M.S., University of Missouri, Kansas City; Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin)

Angelica Riestra, Assistant Professor of Biology (B.S., University of California, Los Angeles; Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles)

Forest L. Rohwer, Professor of Biology (B.A., Albertson College of Idaho; Ph.D., San Diego State University)

Nicholas J. Shikuma, Assistant Professor of Biology (B.S., University of the Pacific; M.S., University of Hawaii; Ph.D., University of California, Santa Cruz)

Jeet Sukumaran, Assistant Professor of Biology (B.S., University of Texas, Austin; M.S., University of Malaya, Malaysia; Ph.D., University of Kansas)

Mark A. Sussman, Albert W. Johnson Distinguished Professor of Biology (B.S., University of California, Davis; M.S., California State University, Northridge; Ph.D., University of Southern California)

Xiaofeng Xu, Assistant Professor of Biology (B.A., Henan Normal University, China; M.S., Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Ph.D., Auburn University)

Ricardo M. Zayas Ventura, Professor of Biology (B.S., Fairfield University; Ph.D., Tufts University)

Donatella Zona, Associate Professor of Biology (B.S., University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Italy; Ph.D., University of California, Davis)

Additional Faculty:

Sanford I. Bernstein,1983-2017, Albert W. Johnson Distinguished Professor of Biology, Emeritus (B.S., State University of New York at Stony Brook; Ph.D., Wesleyan University)

Greg L. Harris, 1989-2020, Professor of Biology, Emeritus (B.A., Case Western Reserve University; Ph.D., University of North Carolina)

Stephen C. Welter, (2011, except 1985-2010) Vice President, Research and Graduate Dean, Graduate and Research Affairs; Professor of Biology, Emeritus (B.S., University of California, Davis; Ph.D., University of California, Riverside)

Lecturers:

Angela DiDomenico, M.S.

Eric C. Ekdale, Ph.D.

Kim D. Finley, Ph.D.

Karin E. Norgard-Sumnicht, Ph.D.

Emeritus Faculty:

J. David Archibald, Ph.D., 1983-2011, Professor of Biology

Vernon L. Avila, Ph.D., 1973-2003, Associate Professor of Biology

Carol A. Barnett, Ph.D., 1971-2000, Professor of Biology

William L., Baxter, Ph.D., 1963-1992, Professor of Biology

Annalisa Berta, Ph.D., 1982-2015, Professor of Biology

Richard W. Bizzoco, Ph.D., 1977-2016, Professor of Biology

Kurt K. Bohnsack, Ph.D., 1956-1983, Professor of Zoology

Michael J. Breindl, Ph.D., 1986-2003, Professor of Biology

Nancy M. Carmichael, Ph.D., 1968-1995, Assistant Professor of Biology

Roger E. Carpenter, Ph.D., 1963-1993, Professor of Biology

Lo-chai Chen, Ph.D., 1969-2001, Professor of Biology

Mary E. Clark, Ph.D., 1969-1986, Professor of Biology

Boyd D. Collier, Ph.D., 1966-1998, Professor of Biology

Gerald Collier, Ph.D., 1961-1995, Professor of Biology

George W. Cox, Ph.D., 1962-1996, Professor of Biology

Douglas H. Deutschman, Ph.D., 1997-2017, Professor of Biology

Deborah M. Dexter, Ph.D., 1967-2001, Professor of Biology

Kelly S. Doran, Ph.D., 2007-2018, Professor of Biology

Michael J. Dowler, Ph.D., 1971-2001, Professor of Biology

Thomas A. Ebert, Ph.D., 1969-1999, Professor of Biology

Richard E. Etheridge, Ph.D., 1961-1992, Professor of Biology

Kathleen M. Fisher, Ph.D., 1988-2004, Professor of Biology

Janet Franklin, Ph.D., 1988-2009, Professor of Biology

Terrence G. Frey, Ph.D., 1986-2011, Professor of Biology

Christopher C. Glembotski, Ph.D., 1986-2020, Albert W. Johnson Distinguished Professor of Biology

Roberta A. Gottlieb, M.D., 2007-2013, Professor of Biology

Zac Hanscom, III, Ph.D., 1978-2002, Associate Professor of Biology

Barbara B. Hemmingsen, Ph.D., 1973-2004, Professor of Biology

Edward W. Huffman, Ph.D., 1955-1980, Professor of Zoology

Stuart H. Hurlbert, Ph.D., 1970-2006, Professor of Biology

Kenneth D. Johnson, Ph.D., 1972-2001, Professor of Biology

Neil C. Krekorian, Ph.D., 1970-2001, Professor of Biology

Leroy R. McClenaghan, Jr., 1977-2014, Professor of Biology

Kathleen L. McGuire, Ph.D., 1990-2013, Professor of Biology

Ronald E. Monroe, Ph.D., 1973-1997, Professor of Biology

James W. Neel, Ph.D., 1963-1993, Associate Dean, College of Sciences; Professor of Biology

Paul J. Paolini, Jr., Ph.D., 1970-2003, Professor of Biology

John A. Parsons, Ph.D., 1965-1990, Professor of Biology

Jacques Perrault, Ph.D., 1984-2013, Professor of Biology

Charles F. Phleger, Ph.D., 1971-2001, Professor of Biology

Harry H. Plymale, D.V.M., 1962-1991, Associate Professor of Biology

Robert S. Pozos, Ph.D., 1994-2016, Professor of Biology

Frank J. Ratty, Ph.D., 1954-1984, Professor of Biology

Robert R. Rinehart, Ph.D., 1964-1994, Professor of Biology

Roger A. Sabbadini, Ph.D., 1977-2008, Professor of Biology

David C. Shepard, Ph.D., 1956-1991, Professor of Biology

Michael G. Simpson, Ph.D., 1986-2015, Professor of Biology

Constantine D. Tsoukas, Ph.D., 1986-2013, Professor of Biology

James F. Van Steenbergen, Ph.D., 1970-1993, Professor of Biology

Hale L. Wedberg, Ph.D., 1959-1983, Professor of Botany

Kathy S. Williams, Ph.D., 1987-2017, Professor of Biology

Joy B. Zedler, Ph.D., 1972-1998, Professor of Biology

Paul H. Zedler, Ph.D., 1969-1998, Professor of Biology

Judith W. Zyskind, Ph.D., 1982-2002, Professor of Biology

Undergraduate Information

The Majors

Biology. The Department of Biology offers a dynamic and modern program in biology which prepares students both academically and practically for vocations in science and science-related fields or for entry into graduate studies. The major is designed to present a basic background in modern biology and in the supportive disciplines of chemistry, mathematics and physics, and to provide specialized training selected by the student from a variety of areas. The wide range of faculty expertise and research interest allows the department to offer a curriculum which includes general and advanced courses in bioinformatics, ecology, endocrinology, entomology, evolutionary biology, genetics and physiology, immunology, marine sciences, microbiology, molecular biology, and plant and animal sciences. Formal programs of study within the major include Emphases in Cell and Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, Marine Biology, and Zoology. Special studies opportunities with SDSU faculty and scientists at cooperating institutions allow qualified students to gain research experience on an individual basis.

The department offers a specific program of courses to fulfill the state of California’s science requirements for the Single Subject Teaching Credential in Biological Science. Students successfully completing one of these programs may be certified by the department as having demonstrated subject competency as required in part for acceptance into College of Education single subject credential program.

The department also offers a program leading to the Biotechnology Certificate. The purpose of this program is to prepare undergraduate and graduate students for employment in public and private organizations utilizing biotechnology.

The rapid advances in theoretical and applied biology, the growing demands in health care and the expansion of general interest in and concern for the environment are just a few of the factors which continue to increase society’s need for biologists. Some examples: a biology degree is the common precursor for the medical, dental, veterinarian and allied health professions; government agencies involved in environment protection, public health and conservation need ecologists, inspectors, laboratory technicians and wildlife, forest, coast and park managers; government and private agriculture agencies need entomologists and botanists; private companies, government laboratories and universities involved in biotechnology need microbiologists and molecular biologists; zoos, wild animal parks and aquaria need zoologists; the secondary school system needs biology teachers; textbook and scientific supply companies need science majors. Whether your goal is to work in a laboratory or a forest, there is opportunity for fulfillment and growth in the field of biology.

Microbiology. Microbiology is the study of bacteria, viruses, yeasts, molds, algae and protozoa. These microorganisms are found associated with plants and animals, in soil, and in fresh and marine waters. Many of the free-living species participate in maintaining the quality of our environment. Certain species affect the health and well-being of plants and animals, including humans, by causing infectious diseases. Microorganisms are often used in the molecular biology laboratory as research tools, for experiments in genetic engineering, and in the manufacture of food and chemicals.

The microbiology major is designed to provide the student with a background in basic biology, microbiology, and the disciplines of chemistry, mathematics and physics. The curriculum includes introductory and advanced courses (most with laboratories) in general and pathogenic microbiology, immunology, virology, physiology, and genetics as well as courses in food and industrial microbiology, marine microbiology, and molecular biology.

Microbiologists find positions with governmental agencies, in university and private research laboratories, in biotechnology, medical and industrial laboratories, in schools as teachers, with scientific supply companies, or with textbook companies. Depending on the situation, a microbiologist may conduct fundamental and applied research, identify disease-causing microorganisms in medical or veterinary specimens, participate in studies of the environment (e.g., soil, ocean, lakes), aid in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, food, or beverages, or provide quality and safety control. The microbiology major is excellent preparation for entrance into medical, dental, veterinarian, and graduate schools. The Emphasis in Clinical Laboratory Science prepares students to become, after a postgraduate internship, licensed medical technologists or certified public health microbiologists.

Advising

Students are required to meet with the undergraduate adviser and satisfy specific requirements in order to declare the major. Contact the biology advising office (LS-135) for admission criteria and procedures. All students admitted to the university with a declared major in biology are urged to meet with their undergraduate adviser within their first two semesters.

Impacted Programs

The biology and microbiology majors are impacted programs. To be admitted to the biology or microbiology major, students must meet the following criteria:

Complete with a minimum GPA of 2.80 and a grade of C (2.0) or better: BIOL 203 , BIOL 203L , BIOL 204 , BIOL 204L , BIOL 215 ; CHEM 200 ,CHEM 201 , CHEM 232 , CHEM 232L ; and MATH 124 . These courses cannot be taken for credit/no credit (Cr/NC);
Have a cumulative GPA of 2.80 or better;

To complete the major, students must fulfill the degree requirements for the major described in the catalog in effect at the time they are accepted into the premajor at SDSU (assuming continuous enrollment).

Major Academic Plans (MAPs)

Visit http://www.sdsu.edu/mymap for the recommended courses needed to fulfill your major requirements. The MAPs website was created to help students navigate the course requirements for their majors and to identify which General Education course will also fulfill a major preparation course requirement.

Graduate Information

Associateships and Assistantships

Graduate teaching associateships and graduate assistantships in biology are available to qualified students on a competitive basis. Application and additional information may be secured from the graduate adviser in biology.

General Information

The Department of Biology offers graduate study leading to the degrees of Master of Arts and Master of Science in biology and the Master of Science degree in microbiology. In addition, the Department of Biology offers three doctoral programs leading to the Ph.D. in biology (cell and molecular) with the University of California, San Diego, in ecology with the graduate group in ecology at the University of California, Davis, and in evolutionary biology with the University of California, Riverside. These academic programs can prepare students for careers in research, education, and public service.

Modern life science buildings provide facilities for graduate study in the biological sciences. San Diego State University also operates the Coastal and Marine Institute Laboratory on San Diego Bay, the SDSU Museum of Biodiversity, the SDSU Field Stations program with research stations at the Sky Oaks Biological Field Station near Warner Springs, the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve near Temecula (Riverside County), and a research site at Fortuna Mountain.

Additional facilities and opportunities available in the community include the Tijuana Estuary Reserve, San Diego Zoo and Hospital, the United States Department of Agriculture, Fish and Game Commission, the Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, the San Diego Natural History Museum, and the Naval Underseas Center.

Admission to Master’s or Doctoral Study

Students applying for admission should electronically submit the university application along with the application fee.

All applicants must submit admissions materials separately to SDSU Graduate Admissions and to the Department of Biology.

Graduate Admissions

The following materials should be submitted as a complete package directly to:

Graduate Admissions
Enrollment Services
San Diego State University
San Diego, CA 92182-7416

Official transcripts (in sealed envelopes or electronically submitted) from all postsecondary institutions attended;
- Students who attended SDSU need only submit transcripts for work completed since last attendance.
- Students with international coursework must submit both the official transcript and proof of degree. If documents are in a language other than English, they must be accompanied by a certified English translation.
GRE scores (http://www.ets.org SDSU institution code 4682);
English language score, if medium of instruction was in a language other than English (http://www.ets.org SDSU institution code 4682).

Master of Arts Degree in Biology

Master of Science Degree in Biology

Master of Science Degree in Microbiology

The following admissions materials must be submitted electronically;

Personal statement;
Application for teaching assistantship (optional);
Three letters of recommendation;
Unofficial transcripts;
Curriculum vitae or resume.

Complete instructions can be found at http://www.bio.sdsu.edu/MastersApplProced.html.

Ph.D. Degree in Biology (Cell and Molecular)

Applications to the Ph.D. program in biology (cell and molecular) require an online application through http://www.calstate.edu/apply. Applications are due by December 15 (or the preceding weekday if December 15 falls on a weekend or holiday). For additional information visit http://www.bio.sdsu.edu/cmob/propsinfo.html.

Ph.D. Degree in Ecology

Application to the Ph.D. program in ecology is a two-step process. The first step requires an online application to the Joint Doctoral Program in Ecology (JDPE) through University of California, Davis at http://ecology.ucdavis.edu/admissions/jointprogram.html. A joint SDSU-UCD JDPE admissions committee will evaluate applications. Those selected will be asked to submit an abbreviated application at http://www.calstate.edu/apply. All applicants must identify a faculty member at SDSU who has agreed to act as their faculty adviser for the Ph.D. program, if accepted. The person should be listed as the faculty member with whom they have spoken on their SDSU and UCD applications. Applications to UCD are due by December 15 (or the preceding week day if December 15 falls on a weekend or holiday). For additional information, consult the website http://www.bio.sdsu.edu/ecology/ecology_joint-doc_app.php or the coordinator or director for the Ph.D. program in ecology.

Ph.D. Degree in Evolutionary Biology

Application to the Ph.D. in evolutionary biology requires online application to SDSU through http://www.calstate.edu/apply.

All applicants must identify a faculty member at SDSU who has agreed to act as their major professor for the Ph.D program. Applications are due by December 15 (or the preceding week day if December 15 falls on a weekend or holiday). For additional information consult the website: http://www.bio.sdsu.edu/eb/jdeb.html.

Section I. Master’s Degree Programs

The Master of Science degrees in biology and microbiology are acceptable as preparation for more advanced degree programs. Studies for degrees in biology must be completed in one of the research programs listed below. The Master of Arts degree in biology has a language other than English requirement.

Admission to the Degree Curriculum

In addition to the general requirements for admission to the university with classified graduate standing, as described in Admission and Registration , a student must satisfy the following requirements before he/she will be considered for recommendation to enter the masters program.

Meet the requirements deemed equivalent to a baccalaureate degree in biology or microbiology at San Diego State University.
Have a grade point average of 2.85 or better on work taken for the baccalaureate degree.
Have a grade point average of 3.0 or better in upper division courses (at least 24 units) acceptable for the major.
Meet biology departmental expectations on the GRE General Test.
Be considered as capable of graduate work in the biological sciences by at least two letters of reference submitted to the biology graduate adviser.
Be accepted by a research program and be sponsored by a faculty member of the area (required only for programs in ecology and evolutionary biology).

NOTE: Admission to a research program within the biology graduate program will be limited to the number of students for which adequate facilities and faculty sponsorship are available. Students should therefore be as specific as possible in their indication of research interests and career goals. Individual research programs will admit students solely on the basis of merit in relation to space and faculty availability.

Students who do not meet all of the above requirements for admission with classified graduate standing may be admitted with conditionally classified graduate standing upon the recommendation of the research program. Students so admitted will be advised as to the nature of their deficiency and the time to be allowed to achieve full classified graduate standing.